英语基础知识 数词的讲解与训练
数词
有关数词,我们需要了解基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号等的基本用法及其与其它词的特殊搭配形式等。
知识要点
1. 数词的分类
(1)表示数目的词为基数词,它的构成如下:
范 围特 点举例
1~12没有规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19以teen为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999百位与十位之间通常用and three hundred and twenty-five(美国英语中常将and省略)
千以上百位与十位之间通常用and,前面多用逗号分开 6275—six thousand, two hundred and seventy-five;1200—twelve hundred,2262788—two million, two hundred and sixty-two thousand, seven hundred and eighty-eight
(2)表示顺序的数词为序数词,它的构成如下:
范 围特 点举例
1~3 特殊情况first, second, third
4~19词尾为thfourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, fifteenth, nineteen — nineteenth。(注意:少数序数词的特殊变化。)
20,30~90把y变i后加ethtwentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数最后一个数用序数词,其余用基数词21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
2. 数词的功能:
(1)基数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。如:
the two happily opened the box.(作主语)
i need three altogether.(作宾语)